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India's Glass and Ceramics Clusters

Firozabad: The City of Bangles

How Firozabad in Uttar Pradesh makes most of India's glass bangles and glassware, the home-based work of decorating bangles, and working conditions.

Firozabad is India’s glass city.

Bangles

Firozabad makes most of India’s glass bangles.

Glassware

Also chandeliers, decorative items and bottles.

Production

  • Furnaces melt glass in factories.
  • Bangles are joined, decorated and packed in homes, often by women and children.

Working conditions

  • Heat from furnaces.
  • Burns and eye strain.
  • Child labour has been reported.

Pollution

Near the Taj Mahal, Firozabad had to switch to natural gas under a Supreme Court order to protect the monument.

ODOP

Glass is Firozabad’s ODOP product.

The bangle joiner

A woman in Firozabad joins bangle ends over a small flame at home, paid per dozen.

Thinking bangles are machine-made in big factories

Much finishing is home-based handwork.

Key takeaways
  • Firozabad makes most glass bangles.
  • Finishing happens in homes.
  • Heat and burns are risks.
  • The Taj Mahal rules pushed gas use.
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