Money Basics
What money actually is, how it holds value, and the vocabulary every other module builds on.
Curriculum
Learn economics by listening
सुनकर अर्थशास्त्र सीखें
Each module holds a set of short lessons. Every lesson has a full transcript that EconReader can read aloud, and a recording where one exists.
Banking
Accounts, interest, and how to make a bank work for you instead of the other way around.
Credit & Debt
Credit scores, borrowing costs, and how to tell useful debt from expensive debt.
Fintech & Digital Money
Payment apps, digital wallets, and staying safe when money moves through a screen.
Investing & Markets
Stocks, bonds, risk and compounding - explained without the jargon or the hype.
Economy & You
Inflation, jobs, and interest rates - how headline economics reaches your daily life.
International Affairs & Global Economics
How trade, currencies and international institutions connect the world's economies - and what happens when they don't get along.
Political Economy
How different economic systems are actually organized, and the political forces and institutions that shape them.
Economic History
The crises, turning points and eras that explain how today's economy got built.
Behavioral Economics
Why people don't act like the rational calculators economic models assume - and what that means in practice.
Scams, Fraud & Consumer Protection
How financial scams actually work, and the rights and tools that protect you when something goes wrong.
Entrepreneurship & Small Business
What it actually takes to start and run a small business, from the first idea to the first hire.
Environmental Economics
How economics explains environmental problems - and the tools used to price and fix them.
Taxes
What taxes actually pay for, how the major kinds work, and how to file with confidence.
Insurance & Risk Management
How insurance actually works, the major types you'll encounter, and how to tell if you have the right coverage.
Real Estate & Housing
Renting versus buying, how mortgages actually work, and housing as part of a financial plan.
Careers & the Labor Market
How wages actually get set, what's in a job offer beyond the paycheck, and the economics behind work itself.
Retirement & Long-Term Planning
What retirement accounts, Social Security, and estate planning actually provide, and how to plan across a full lifetime.
Automation, AI & the Future of Work
What automation and artificial intelligence actually mean for jobs, wages and the skills worth building next.
Wealth & Income Inequality
How economists measure inequality, why it's grown, and the genuine debates over what - if anything - should be done about it.
Nonprofit Finance & Philanthropy
How nonprofits actually fund their work, how to read their finances, and how to give more effectively.
Game Theory & Strategic Decision-Making
The economics of strategy - how people and institutions make decisions when the outcome depends on what everyone else does too.
Public Finance & Government Debt
How governments raise, spend and borrow money - budgets, deficits, national debt, and the tradeoffs behind every public spending decision.
Agriculture & Commodity Markets
How the economics of food, energy and raw materials actually works - from farm subsidies to futures contracts to why commodity prices swing so much.
Urban Economics & Housing Policy
Why cities grow the way they do - zoning, transportation, gentrification, and the policy choices that shape where and how people can afford to live.
Education Economics
The real costs and returns of schooling - student loans, the value of a degree, school funding, and why education markets don't behave like typical markets.
Healthcare Economics
How markets, insurance, and policy shape the cost and availability of medical care.
Technology & the Digital Economy
How network effects, data, platforms and attention reshape the basic rules of buying, selling and building value online.
Labor Unions & Collective Bargaining
How workers organize, negotiate contracts, and use collective power to shape wages and working conditions.
Philosophy of Economics
The big ideas and thinkers behind economics itself - what the field assumes, argues about, and still can't agree on.
Ethics, Justice & Economic Life
Fairness, obligation, and the moral questions markets can't answer on their own.
Disability, Access & the Economy
How disability shapes employment, spending, and policy - and what an accessible economy actually costs and saves.
Assistive Technology & the Economics of Independence
The markets, pricing, and policy behind the tools that make independent living possible.
India's Economic Story
How India went from a planned economy to one of the world's largest - told through its people, policy, and growth.
India's Money, Markets & Policy
The Reserve Bank, the rupee, the stock exchanges, and the policies that move India's financial system.
Economics for Everyone: The Absolute Basics
Zero background needed - the simplest possible starting point for anyone curious about how the economy works.
Everyday Money Skills
Practical, beginner-friendly habits for budgeting, saving, and handling money with confidence.
Development Economics
Why some countries are rich and others poor, how poverty is measured, and what the evidence says about the policies that help people escape it.
Energy Economics
How oil, gas, electricity and clean energy are priced, traded and paid for, and why energy choices shape jobs, security and everyday costs around the world.
Reading Economic Data
How to understand the numbers and statistics in economic news by ear - percentages, averages, growth rates, surveys, and the tricks that make a figure sound bigger or smaller than it is.
Migration and the Economy
Why people move within and between countries, and what migration means for workers, families, businesses, and public budgets - explained with balance and evidence.
The Economics of Sports and Entertainment
Why stars earn so much, how leagues, auctions, streaming and ticketing really work, and who pays for the games, films and songs we love.
Economics of Happiness and Wellbeing
What economists have learned about money, time, work, relationships and happiness, and how governments are starting to measure and budget for wellbeing.
Law & Economics: Crime, Contracts & Courts
How economists think about laws, punishment, contracts, accidents and courts - and why the rules a society writes shape the choices people make.
Family, Household & Gender Economics
The economics of the home - marriage, children, childcare, the gender pay gap, and how families share money, work and decisions.
Innovation, Patents & Technology
Where new ideas come from, who pays for them, how they spread, and how patents, prizes and venture capital shape the pace of invention.
Information, Uncertainty & Signals
What happens when buyers, sellers, employers and workers know different things - lemons, screening, search costs, risk and the hidden economics of information.
How Economists Know Things: Evidence & Experiments
The toolkit economists use to separate cause from coincidence - randomised trials, natural experiments, cutoffs, forecasts, big data - and the pitfalls that come with each.
How Companies Work: Corporate Finance Basics
Reading a company's accounts, how firms raise and spend money, what a business is worth, and what happens when things go wrong.
Transport Economics: Roads, Rail & Air
How moving people and goods shapes economies - who pays for roads and railways, why airlines struggle, the true cost of a car, and accessible transport for everyone.
Shipping, Logistics & How Stuff Gets to You
The hidden system that moves goods around the world - containers, ports, chokepoints, warehouses and last-mile delivery - and what happens when it breaks.
War, Peace & Security Economics
The economics of conflict and security - what wars cost, how they are paid for, defence budgets, the arms trade, rebuilding after war, and the price of cyber threats.
Tourism & Travel Economics
Why travel is one of the world's biggest industries - where tourist money goes, overtourism, tourist taxes, hotel pricing, ecotourism, and accessible travel for everyone.
Disasters, Pandemics & Economic Recovery
How floods, earthquakes, heatwaves, droughts and pandemics hit economies, why the poorest suffer most, and what prevention, insurance and early warning can do.
Great Economists & Their Big Ideas
The lives and landmark ideas of thinkers from Kautilya and Ibn Khaldun to Ricardo, Marshall, Ostrom, Kahneman and Ambedkar - and why their ideas still matter.
Africa's Economies
The diverse economies of Africa's 54 countries - colonial legacies, commodities, mobile money, a continental free trade area, a young population and the road to development.
Latin America's Economies
From Mexico to Argentina - import substitution, the Washington Consensus, inflation battles, deep inequality, commodities, lithium and the Amazon.
China & East Asia's Economies
Inside the economies of China, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore and Indonesia - special economic zones, state firms, property booms, chaebol, ageing and reform.
Shopping, Advertising & Consumer Choice
The economics behind what we buy - advertising, brands, prices ending in 99, decoys, loyalty points, shrinkflation, sales and accessible shopping.
Food Economics: From Kitchen to Global Market
The economics of what we eat - where your food money goes, restaurants and delivery apps, food waste, healthy diets, sugar taxes, school meals and global food trade.
Money Through Life's Big Moments
Practical money guidance for life's turning points - a first job, moving out, buying a car, weddings, a new baby, losing a job, losing sight, caring for parents and more.
How Financial Markets Work: Behind the Scenes
What actually happens when shares are traded - exchanges, bids and asks, order types, short selling, options, derivatives, hedge funds, ratings and circuit breakers.
Oceans, Forests & Natural Resources
The economics of what nature provides - fisheries and quotas, mines and critical minerals, sand, groundwater, forests, the deep sea, and how to count natural wealth.
The Middle East & Gulf Economies
Oil wealth, sovereign funds, migrant workers and diversification plans - how the Gulf states, Israel, Egypt, Iran and Türkiye run their economies, and their deep ties with India.
Europe's Economies
From German factories and Nordic welfare states to Southern Europe's struggles and Eastern Europe's catch-up - how Europe's economies work, and the challenges of energy, ageing and competitiveness.
The United States Economy
How the world's largest economy works - consumers, tech giants, shale oil, health care costs, the China shock, federal debt, pandemic stimulus and the new industrial policy.
South Asia Beyond India
The economies of India's neighbours - Bangladesh's garment boom, Pakistan's cycles, Nepal's remittances, Bhutan's hydropower - and why the region trades so little with itself.
Transition Economies: Russia, Eastern Europe & Central Asia
How countries moved from communist planning to markets - shock therapy, privatisation and oligarchs, Russia under sanctions, Ukraine at war, Central Asia and the Caucasus.
The Space Economy
How rockets, satellites and space start-ups became a fast-growing industry - reusable rockets, satellite internet, ISRO's low-cost missions, space debris and the business of orbit.
The Longevity Economy
How longer lives are reshaping economies - the silver economy, paying for long-term care, dementia, working longer, India's ageing population and age-related vision loss.
Media, News & Journalism Economics
Who pays for the news, why newspapers declined, news deserts, paywalls, public broadcasting, misinformation, radio, podcasts and accessible media.
The Economics of Climate Change
Climate change as the greatest market failure - discounting the future, climate models, tipping points, net zero, carbon budgets, climate finance, negotiations and fairness.
Central Banking Around the World
How central banks actually work - balance sheets, how rates are really set, quantitative tightening, mandates, emerging-market challenges, China's central bank, swap lines and macroprudential policy.
The Economics of Artificial Intelligence
How the AI industry works - chips, data, open and closed models, market power, energy use, regulation, inequality, India's AI push and AI in science.
Arts, Culture & Creative Industries
The economics of creativity - the performing arts and cost disease, the art market, museums, publishing, fashion, Indian cinema and handicrafts, heritage, and culture as an export.
Why Places Prosper: Regional Economics
Why some regions thrive while others fall behind - economic geography, left-behind places, place-based policies, border regions, small towns, anchor institutions and the power of roads.
Culture, Trust & the Economy
How trust, social norms, networks, religion, festivals, language and honesty shape economic life - with experiments that reveal how people really behave.
Rural India's Economy
How India's villages earn and spend - non-farm jobs, self-help groups, rural credit, the job guarantee, electricity, housing, health workers, land records, panchayats and the digital village.
India's States: A Federal Economy
Tour the economies of India's states - the Kerala model, Gujarat's ports, Tamil Nadu's factories, Mumbai's finance, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, the Northeast - and how states raise money and compete.
Cryptocurrency & Blockchain
How blockchains and cryptocurrencies actually work - Bitcoin's economics, mining and energy, volatility, DeFi, NFTs, exchanges and custody risk, scams, ETFs and India's crypto tax.
Public Health Economics
The economics of keeping populations healthy - tobacco and alcohol policy, obesity, tuberculosis, malaria, antibiotic resistance, disease surveillance, DALYs and neglected diseases.
Telecom & the Connected Economy
The economics of phones and the internet - spectrum auctions, India's Jio price war, consolidation, net neutrality, mobile phones and development, 5G, undersea cables, shutdowns and accessible telecom.
Manufacturing & Industry
Why factories matter for development - productivity and learning curves, mass production, cars, India's pharmaceutical and electronics industries, clusters, robots, small firms and factory safety.
Money Planning with a Disability
Practical money know-how for people with disabilities and their families in India - the extra costs of disability, the UDID card, tax relief, ADIP, pensions, scholarships, jobs, insurance, guardianship and planning for the future.
Financial Wellbeing
Money is not only numbers - it is feelings, habits and relationships. Learn what financial wellbeing means, how money affects mental health, and practical ways to feel more secure and in control.
Business Strategy
How companies decide where to compete and how to win - five forces, cost versus differentiation, moats, first movers, disruption, blue oceans, lock-in, diversification and real Indian case studies.
Everyday Economics Puzzles
Why is cinema popcorn so pricey? Why do prices end in 99? Why do jewellery shops sit side by side? Short puzzles from daily life, each solved with a simple economic idea.
Competition Law in Practice
How competition authorities, especially India's CCI, catch cartels, police dominant firms, review mergers and tackle Big Tech - with real cases and the debates behind them.
Labour Economics
How economists study work and pay - why risky jobs pay more, why some firms pay above market, how discrimination is measured, why middle-skill jobs are shrinking and how India's labour market is changing.
India's Economic History to 1947
Five thousand years of Indian economic life - Harappan trade, Roman gold, Chola merchants, the Mughal economy, the textile trade, the East India Company, colonial land revenue, the drain theory, railways, famines and the road to independence.
Global Health Economics
How the world got healthier and who pays for it - global health aid, Gavi, the Global Fund, polio eradication, deworming evidence, health worker migration, clean cooking, maternal health and the race for pandemic vaccines.
India's Trade Policy
How India trades with the world - from closed economy to trade deals, why it left RCEP, export incentives, rice export bans, rupee trade, the WTO and the 2025 US tariff shock.
Behavioural Finance
Why real investors and markets don't always behave as textbooks predict - the disposition effect, overtrading, home bias, bubbles, momentum, meme stocks and how to build habits that protect your money.
Money Maths Made Simple
The everyday calculations behind loans, investments and shopping - how EMIs work, flat vs reducing rates, true loan costs, CAGR, XIRR, break-even, unit prices, stacked discounts, prepayments and retirement withdrawals.
Southeast Asia's Economies
A region of nearly 700 million people - ASEAN, Thailand's car industry, Malaysia's chips, Philippine call centres, Vietnam's factories, Indonesia's nickel, palm oil, super apps, Singapore's housing model and India's Act East ties.
Livestock, Dairy & Fisheries
The animal economy that supports millions of rural Indian families - Operation Flood and Amul, a dairy farmer's costs, stray cattle, poultry, goats, the Blue Revolution, shrimp exports, animal disease and climate.
India's Big Policy Debates
The economic arguments behind India's most contested policy questions - farm laws, legal MSP, old vs new pensions, cash transfers to women, urban job guarantees, free power, bank privatisation, taxing farm income, GST reform and the caste census - with both sides laid out.
Modern Economists & Their Big Ideas
The thinkers who shaped economics since the Second World War - Samuelson, Arrow, Minsky, Stiglitz, Krugman, Deaton, Bernanke, Thaler, Banerjee and Duflo, Goldin, Acemoglu and Bhagwati - and the ideas that still matter.
Money for Freelancers & Independent Workers
A practical guide for freelancers, consultants and independent workers in India - budgeting on irregular income, pricing, contracts, taxes and GST, getting paid from abroad, insurance, retirement, platform fees and growing into a business.
Econ 101, Part 1: What Economics Actually Is
The starting toolkit - scarcity, choice, and the way economists think about trade-offs before any graphs or jargon show up.
Econ 101, Part 2: Supply, Demand & Markets
How buyers and sellers meet in the middle - the forces that set prices, and what happens when governments or shocks push against them.
Econ 101, Part 3: Firms, Costs & Market Structures
Inside the business - how firms decide what to produce, why some markets stay competitive, and why others end up dominated by a few players.
Econ 101, Part 4: Macroeconomics Basics
Zooming out to the whole economy - how we measure its size and health, and why growth, jobs, and prices move together the way they do.
Econ 101, Part 5: Money, Banking & the Fed
How money, banks, and central banks actually work together - from what gives a dollar its value to how the Federal Reserve steers the whole economy.
Econ 101, Part 6: Trade, Exchange Rates & Globalization
Why countries trade at all, how currencies get priced against each other, and what globalization really costs and delivers.
Econ 101, Part 7: Growth, Policy & the Big Debates
What actually makes economies grow over the long run, where government budgets go, and the enduring debates over taxes, inequality, and regulation.
Economic Case Studies: Booms, Busts & Turning Points
A walk through history's defining economic crises and turning points - from tulip bulbs to cryptocurrency - and what each one still teaches us today.
Econ 101, Part 8: Microeconomics Deep Dive
The tools behind consumer and producer choices, explained without heavy maths - budget constraints, indifference curves, income and substitution effects, production, returns to scale and general equilibrium.
Econ 101, Part 9: Macroeconomics Deep Dive
The big ideas behind modern macroeconomics in plain words - IS-LM, liquidity traps, money velocity, the impossible trinity, rational expectations, sticky prices, hysteresis, secular stagnation and MMT.
Building India: Infrastructure Economics
How roads, airports, water pipes and broadband get planned, paid for and built - public-private partnerships, hybrid annuities, tolls and FASTag, land acquisition, cost overruns, InvITs, airport privatisation, Jal Jeevan Mission and BharatNet.
The Monsoon Economy
How four months of rain shape India's farms, food prices, rural spending, electricity and markets - forecasts, El Niño, the crop calendar, reservoirs, climate change and how farmers and policymakers manage rainfall risk.
The Economics of Flying
How India became one of the world's biggest aviation markets - IndiGo's low-cost model, why so many airlines failed, Air India's return to the Tatas, jet fuel taxes, aircraft leasing, giant plane orders, UDAN regional flights, air cargo, green fuels and maintenance.
Retail in India
How India shops - the economics of kirana stores, supermarkets like DMart, e-commerce marketplaces, 10-minute quick commerce, FDI rules, D2C brands, distribution networks, malls, digital kiranas and omnichannel retail.
Money for Students
Practical money skills for school and college students in India - bank accounts for minors, education loans and PM Vidyalaxmi, hostel budgets, stipends and taxes, first cards, finding scholarships, studying abroad, gadget spending, money traps, investing early and your first tax return.
Raising Money-Smart Children
A guide for parents, teachers and older siblings - how money habits form early, what to teach at each age, pocket money systems, save-spend-share jars, patience, in-app purchases, learning from mistakes, planning for children's futures and financial education in schools.
How Global Finance Works
The plumbing of the world's money - how the global financial system fits together, offshore dollars, global imbalances, SWIFT and correspondent banks, Basel rules, shadow banking, carry trades, too-big-to-fail banks, financial centres, contagion, faster cross-border payments and the global safety net.
Wildlife & Nature Economics
What animals and ecosystems are worth and who pays to protect them - Project Tiger, the ivory ban debate, human-wildlife conflict, community conservancies, pollinators, poaching, Project Cheetah, the vulture collapse, invasive species and new ways to fund conservation.
Pharma & Biotech Economics
How medicines are invented, tested, made, regulated and sold - the R&D pipeline, clinical trials, biosimilars, contract manufacturing, India's API dependence, rare disease drugs, weight-loss drugs, pharma marketing and AI in drug discovery.
School Education in India
The economics of India's vast school system - government vs private schools, the RTE Act, what ASER says about learning, teacher accountability, board exams, NEP 2020, language of instruction, girls' schooling, funding and school consolidation.
Higher Education in India
The economics of India's colleges and universities - enrolment, the IITs, reservations, private universities, engineering and medical education, foreign campuses, rankings, research funding, online degrees, university finances and NEP reforms.
India's Automobile Industry
How India became one of the world's biggest vehicle markets - Maruti's revolution, two-wheelers, auto parts, manufacturing clusters, the leap to BS-VI, electric two- and three-wheelers, car taxes, Tata and JLR, scrappage, tractors and trucks, and the road ahead.
India's Core Industries
The heavy industries at the base of the economy - the eight core sectors, steel and its protection, green steel, cement giants and regional pricing, oil refining, natural gas, aluminium and copper, chemicals, and why these industries are cyclical and hard to decarbonise.
Rich in Resources: Norway, Australia, Canada and More
How some resource-rich democracies avoided the resource curse - Norway's oil fund, Australia's mining boom and superannuation, Canada's oil sands and immigration model, Chile's copper rule, New Zealand's reforms, Dutch disease, commodity currencies and indigenous rights.
Economies of the Ancient and Medieval World
How people traded, taxed, borrowed and invested before the modern age - Mesopotamian accounts, Egypt's grain, the first coins, Rome's money troubles, Song China's paper money, Islamic finance, Venetian banking, the Hanseatic League, the Aztecs and Incas, Mansa Musa and the Malthusian trap.
Econ 101, Part 10: Public Economics Deep Dive
How economists think about what government should do and how to pay for it - the Laffer curve, optimal taxation, Pigouvian taxes, income vs consumption taxes, third-party reporting, social insurance, merit goods, hidden taxes, targeting, debt sustainability and good tax design.
Personal Tax Planning in India
A practical guide to paying the right tax legally - planning vs evasion, salary components, the 80C basket, health insurance deductions, capital gains after 2024, FD and debt fund taxes, gifts and inheritance, NRI basics, the 12 lakh zero-tax limit, rental income, tax notices and a yearly tax calendar.
Housing and Home Loans in India
How Indians finance and buy homes - loan-to-value rules, banks vs housing finance companies, eligibility, interest subsidies, under-construction vs ready homes, hidden costs, real estate cycles, rental housing laws, title checks, stuck projects and housing's role in the economy.
Digital Government in India
How India uses technology to deliver welfare and services - the JAM trinity, Aadhaar, Jan Dhan, Direct Benefit Transfer, exclusion errors, DigiLocker, digital health IDs, online public procurement, faceless tax assessment, data protection, the digital divide and exporting digital infrastructure.
Mining and Minerals in India
The economics of what lies beneath India's soil - the mineral map, the coal block scandal, the switch to auctions, Coal India and commercial mining, iron ore bans, critical minerals, royalties and state taxes, illegal mining, mine safety, displacement and just transitions.
Women and Money
Practical and economic guidance on the money challenges women face in India - longer lives, career breaks, property and stridhan rights, investing confidence, insurance, self-help groups, economic abuse, divorce, entrepreneurship and retirement planning.
The Economics of Cooperatives
How businesses owned by their members work - cooperative principles, types of co-ops, India's cooperative movement, cooperative banks and the PMC crisis, village credit societies, sugar co-ops, housing societies, the Ministry of Cooperation, Mondragon, why co-ops succeed or fail and platform co-ops.
The Economy of India's Northeast
A closer look at India's eight northeastern states - geography and the Siliguri corridor, Assam's tea and oil, the bamboo economy, border trade, tourism and permits, Sikkim's organic farming, conflict and development, special funding, hydropower, silk and crafts, and the region's future.
Insurance in India: A Practical Guide
How insurance works in India - the protection gap, IRDAI's rules, endowment plans vs term cover, claim settlement ratios, cashless health claims, motor third-party cover, bancassurance mis-selling, free-look and portability, the ombudsman, senior citizen cover, GST changes and Bima Sugam.
Everyday Business Case Studies
Economics through the lens of familiar small businesses - a chai stall, an auto-rickshaw, a tiffin service, a barber, a tailor, a phone repair shop, a cloud kitchen, a home tutor, a beauty salon, a highway dhaba, a tent house and a print shop - each showing a key business idea.
A History of Money in India
From punch-marked coins to UPI - Gupta gold, Sher Shah Suri's rupiya, cowrie shells, hundis and indigenous bankers, colonial paper money, the fall of silver, Keynes and Ambedkar on the rupee, the founding of the RBI, devaluations, decimalisation and the rupee symbol.
Green Living at Home: The Economics
When going green saves money and when it doesn't - payback periods, star-labelled appliances, the LED revolution, induction vs gas cooking, saving water, cool roofs, household carbon footprints, greenwashing, green loans, Mission LiFE and the rebound effect.
Waste and Sanitation in India
The economics of keeping India clean - the scale of urban waste, Swachh Bharat's toilets and whether they're used, burning landfills, waste pickers, Indore's success, segregation rules, waste-to-energy, producer responsibility, manual scavenging, sewage treatment and paying for waste services.
The Economics of Elections
How money and economics shape elections and elections shape the economy - the cost of Indian elections, spending limits, campaign finance rules, the political business cycle, economic voting, the median voter, markets on results day, election-year spending, simultaneous elections, women voters and why people vote.
Careers in Economics
Where studying economics can lead - what economists do, studying economics in India, how much maths you need, the Indian Economic Service, the RBI, think tanks, business and finance, data science, research and PhDs, the development sector, economic journalism and building your skills.
The Economics of Cooling
How a hotter India stays cool - the coming cooling boom, the India Cooling Action Plan, AC manufacturing, refrigerants and the Kigali deal, peak power demand, heat action plans, district cooling, cooling inequality, heat and learning, urban heat islands and the affordable cooling ladder.
India's Semiconductor Ambitions
Can India become a chipmaking nation? Why chips matter, the stages of chipmaking, India's design strength, the Semiconductor Mission, the Tata fab and Micron plant, why fabs cost so much, talent, chip geopolitics, the components scheme and the road ahead.
The Economics of Trucking in India
How India's goods move by road: the truck owner's business, a fragmented fleet, the life of drivers, freight rates and diesel, empty return trips, e-way bills, freight apps, cleaner trucks, rail competition and the future of road freight.
Textiles and Clothing in India
From cotton field to shop shelf: how India's textile and apparel industry works, why it employs so many people, the clusters that power it, competition from Bangladesh and Vietnam, and policies to help it grow.
India's Power Sector
How electricity reaches Indian homes: generation, coal and renewables, transmission, the troubled distribution companies, tariffs, theft, rooftop solar, storage and reforms.
Indian Railways: The Economics of a Giant
How one of the world's largest railways works as a business: passenger fares, freight earnings, the operating ratio, cross-subsidies, Vande Bharat, bullet trains, safety spending, jobs and reform.
The Business of Indian Films
How India's film industries make money: regional powerhouses, financing, film crews, rights sales, single screens and multiplexes, pan-India hits, film music, piracy, OTT originals, shooting incentives and certification.
India's Defence Economy
The economics of how India pays for and equips its armed forces: the defence budget, pensions, arms imports, building weapons at home, public and private defence firms, exports, procurement, Agniveer and innovation.
India's Ports, Ships and Seas
The economics of India's maritime sector: major and private ports, turnaround times, transshipment hubs, Sagarmala, the shipping fleet, shipbuilding and shipbreaking, seafarers, coastal shipping and waterways.
The Pet Economy
The economics of our animal companions: what pets really cost, the booming pet food and vet markets, pet insurance, breeding and adoption, stray animals, the "pet humanisation" trend and the ethics behind it.
Japan's Economy
The rise, stall and reinvention of the world's fourth-largest economy: the Meiji leap, the postwar miracle, company culture, the bubble, decades of deflation, the Bank of Japan's experiments, debt, an ageing workforce, womenomics, corporate reform, the yen and ties with India.
Tea, Coffee, Rubber and Spices
The economics of India's plantation and spice crops: colonial origins, tea auctions and small growers, Darjeeling's geographical indication, garden workers, coffee and its price cycles, natural rubber, the spice trade, cardamom and pepper, cashew processing, commodity boards and the road ahead.
The Economics of Water in India
How India uses, prices and fights over water: where water goes, city supply and leaks, tariffs, tanker markets, river disputes, dams and canals, drip irrigation, virtual water, wastewater reuse, floods and the road ahead.
South Korea's Economy
How South Korea went from war-torn poverty to a rich technology powerhouse: the export drive, heavy industry, education fever, Samsung's chip bet, shipbuilding, reforms after 1997, batteries, long hours, housing debt, the lowest birth rate in the world and ties with India.
The Economics of Luxury
Why people pay thousands for a handbag: luxury goods and income, prices that raise demand, engineered scarcity, the giant luxury groups, India's luxury market, fakes, the lipstick effect, luxury taxes, China's shoppers, luxury cars, sustainability and the ethics of status spending.
The Economics of Fitness and Wellness
The money and behaviour behind staying healthy: the wellness economy, gyms and boutique studios, apps and wearables, yoga's global reach, supplements, athleisure, public fitness spaces, workplace wellness, marathons, commitment devices and mental wellness.
India's City Economies
How India's great cities earn their living: why some cities boom, Bengaluru's tech engine, Hyderabad's pharma and IT, Chennai's car corridor, Delhi NCR's services, Dharavi's workshops, Kolkata's long decline and revival, Surat's diamonds, Pune, Ahmedabad, rising smaller cities and how cities are governed.
Seeds, Soil and Machines: India's Farm Inputs
What it costs to grow a crop in India: the input bill, seed markets and hybrids, GM crops, the fertiliser imbalance, imports and nano urea, pesticides, soil health, tractors and custom hiring, Kisan Credit Cards, input dealers, drones and natural farming.
The Economics of Time
Time is the one resource everyone has in equal measure and nobody can store. How economists value it, how Indians spend it, time poverty, queues, paying to save time, Keynes's missing 15-hour week, the speed premium, time zones, government time taxes and whether technology really saves time.
The Business of Toys and Games
The serious economics of play: the global toy business, China's toy factories, India's toy turnaround, Channapatna's wooden toys, LEGO's comeback, toy crazes, collectibles as investments, the board game revival, gendered toy marketing, Indian game studios and toy safety.
The Economics of Beauty
The business behind looking good: the global beauty industry, India's beauty boom and Nykaa, the fairness cream debate, Ayurvedic brands, K-beauty, celebrity and influencer brands, men's grooming, the pink tax, beauty services at home, cosmetics rules and the beauty premium in jobs.
Economies of the Himalayas
How people make a living in India's mountains: the economics of remoteness, Himachal's development story, Uttarakhand's ghost villages, Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh, the apple economy, mountain hydropower, tourism pressure, disasters, the caterpillar fungus trade, border roads and villages, and paying for mountain ecosystems.
Adivasi Economies
The economic lives of India's Scheduled Tribes: forest livelihoods, minor forest produce, the Forest Rights Act, PESA and self-rule, mining and displacement, shifting cultivation, Van Dhan and fair prices, public spending, schools, health and nutrition, and tribal art markets.
Faith and the Economy
How religion and money interact: Weber's Protestant ethic, why strict religions thrive, how big temples manage wealth, temple gold, the Kumbh Mela economy, waqf properties, interest-free banking, langar kitchens, religious giving, faith-run schools and hospitals, and temple corridors.
India's Sugar Economy
From cane field to kitchen and fuel tank: sugarcane farming, the fair and remunerative price, unpaid cane dues, how a sugar mill earns, the sugar cycle, export quotas and the WTO dispute, migrant cane cutters, jaggery, cane's water cost, grain versus cane ethanol, and the politics of sugar.
Dal and Oil: India's Kitchen Imports
Why India, a farm powerhouse, imports much of its cooking oil and some of its pulses: the oilseed story, the Yellow Revolution, the import duty seesaw, growing oil palm at home, mustard and soybean, pulses as protein, dal price spikes, buffer stocks, import sources and self-reliance missions.
Germany's Economy
How Europe's largest economy was built and rebuilt: the Zollverein, Bismarck's welfare state, the postwar miracle, the social market economy, workers on company boards, the Mittelstand, dual vocational training, reunification, the Hartz reforms, the debt brake, the energy shock and ties with India.
The Economics of the Post Office
How India Post works as a business and a public service: the world's largest postal network, from dak runners to the penny post, universal service, the decline of letters, the parcel wars, the post office as a rural bank, India Post Payments Bank, Gramin Dak Sevaks, losses, the 2023 Post Office Act and postal reform abroad.
India's Electric Vehicle Economy
The economics of India's shift to electric vehicles: where the transition stands, whether EVs are cheaper to own, subsidies, battery cells, charging, electric cars, the import policy, battery swapping, the grid, auto jobs and battery recycling.
New Energy Frontiers
Clean energy beyond solar panels and wind farms: India's nuclear programme and thorium dream, why reactors cost so much, the liability law, small modular reactors, the colours of hydrogen, the Green Hydrogen Mission, where hydrogen makes sense, biogas, offshore wind, geothermal and tidal power, and choosing the right mix.
The Economics of Cybercrime and Security
Why digital attacks keep growing and who pays: the ransomware business model, crime-as-a-service, why firms underinvest in security, the AIIMS attack, cyber insurance, India's cyber rules, bug bounties, the skills gap, attacks on infrastructure, organised scam centres and building resilience.
Police, Courts and Justice in India
The economics of India's justice system: why justice matters for growth, police numbers and budgets, police reform, unregistered crimes, undertrial prisoners, bail and inequality, Lok Adalats, the 2024 criminal laws, forensics, e-courts, contract enforcement and reform priorities.
Vietnam's Economy
How Vietnam rose from war and hunger to one of Asia's fastest-growing economies: post-war planning, becoming a rice exporter, Samsung and foreign investment, trade deals, China+1, state firms, coffee, poverty reduction, strong schools, a property and bond scandal, US tariffs and lessons for India.
The UK Economy
How Britain's economy rose, declined and changed: the first industrial nation, the Bank of England, empire and the drain from India, the post-war welfare state and NHS, the 1970s crisis, Thatcher's reforms, the City of London, the productivity puzzle, Brexit, the 2022 mini-budget, regional gaps and ties with India.
Liquor, Tobacco and Sin Goods
The economics of goods societies tax, restrict or ban: what makes a "sin good", liquor as a pillar of state budgets, prohibition in Gujarat and Bihar, hooch tragedies, beedis versus cigarettes, tobacco farmers, the e-cigarette ban, cannabis legalisation abroad, who pays sin taxes, smuggling and India's 40 percent GST slab.
The Franchise Business
How franchising lets brands grow using other people's money and effort: what a franchise is, the franchisee's numbers, why brands franchise, incentive problems, McDonald's real estate model, franchising in India, master franchises, fees and royalties, failures, the law, education and healthcare franchises, and whether to buy one.
Hotels and Hospitality in India
The business of putting travellers up for the night: India's hotel industry, the key metrics, asset-light brands, the Taj story, OYO's rise and fall, homestays, India's shortage of rooms, weddings and conferences, hotel jobs, taxes, online travel agents and the future of hospitality.
India's Eating-Out Economy
The business of food outside the home: the size of India's food service market, menu engineering, food cost ratios, why restaurants close, quick service chains, loans for street vendors, the Street Vendors Act, Mumbai's dabbawalas, licences and red tape, delivery app commissions, food waste and the future of eating out.
Turkey's Economy
A case study in growth, crisis and unorthodox policy: Turkey's position between Europe and Asia, Atatürk's state-led industry, the 2001 crash, the 2000s boom, cutting rates to fight inflation, the lira's collapse, life with 80 percent inflation, the 2023 U-turn, factories and drones, the earthquake, the EU customs union and lessons.
Care Work in India
The paid and unpaid work of looking after people: India's domestic workers, their wages and rights, live-in migrant workers, placement agencies and apps, anganwadi and ASHA workers, creches and the Maternity Benefit Act, eldercare, home nursing, care and women's jobs, valuing unpaid care and investing in care.
How India Counts Itself
Inside India's statistical system: who produces official data, Mahalanobis's legacy, the delayed census, the GDP measurement debate, consumption surveys and poverty numbers, the inflation basket, factory output, family health surveys, administrative data, trust in statistics, district data and better data for policy.
Quality and Standards in India
How India makes sure products are safe and as described: why standards matter, BIS and the ISI mark, quality control orders, gold hallmarking, food safety rules, weights and measures, medicine quality, product recalls, testing labs, standards in trade and quality for small firms.
The Advertising Business in India
How advertising works as an industry: India's ad market, agencies, TV ratings and the TRP scam, cricket and IPL ads, why newspapers depend on ads, celebrity endorsements, billboards, surrogate ads, ASCI and misleading claims, measuring whether ads work and the future of advertising.
The Indian Diaspora
The economics of Indians abroad: the world's largest diaspora, indentured labour history, Gulf workers and the kafala system, H-1B visas and IT, Indian-origin CEOs, students abroad, NRI deposits, diaspora giving, returnees building startups, OCI cards and the politics of immigration.
The Music Business
How music makes money: the industry's revenue streams, from vinyl to streaming, India's cassette revolution, royalties, copyright societies, independent artists, catalogues as investments, reels and viral hits, patronage for classical music, AI and what musicians actually earn.
Books, Publishers and Readers
The economics of the printed and digital word in India: the book market, what it costs to make a book, author advances and royalties, the textbook business, Indian-language publishing, bestsellers, e-books, self-publishing, the photocopy case, bookstores and public libraries.
The Economics of Mega-Events
Are Olympics, World Cups and summits worth hosting? What makes a mega-event, the winner's curse of bidding, why budgets explode, white elephant stadiums, Delhi's 2010 Commonwealth Games, Barcelona's success, Qatar's spending, tourism crowding-out, infrastructure legacies, India's Olympic ambitions and hosting the G20.
Family Businesses in India
How families run much of Indian business: why family firms dominate, trading communities, the Tata model, the Ambani split, succession, promoters and minority shareholders, pyramids and cross-holdings, professional managers, family feuds, the next generation and what makes family firms last.
Mexico's Economy
Mexico's economic journey: the mid-century "miracle", the 1982 debt crisis and lost decade, border maquiladoras, Pemex and oil, remittances, informality, the Progresa cash transfer experiment, Carlos Slim's telecom empire, nearshoring, the cost of cartel violence and lessons for India.
Argentina's Economy
How a once-rich country fell into repeated crises: Argentina's golden age, Perón and Peronism, a century of inflation, the peso-dollar peg, the 2001 corralito, the blue dollar, soy and beef, export taxes and the farm conflict, the IMF, Vaca Muerta shale, lithium and lessons.
Brazil's Economy
Latin America's giant: Brazil's economy at a glance, the 1970s miracle and debt hangover, living with indexed inflation, Bolsa Família, the Cerrado farm revolution, ethanol and flex-fuel cars, Petrobras and Operation Car Wash, Embraer, inequality, sky-high interest rates, ties with India in BRICS and lessons.
South Africa's Economy
How minerals, apartheid and its end shaped South Africa's economy: the gold rush, the economics of apartheid, the 1994 transition, very high unemployment, Black Economic Empowerment, Eskom and load-shedding, social grants, mining today, state capture, townships and the informal economy, ties with India and lessons.
Nigeria's Economy
Africa's most populous nation and its economic struggles and strengths: oil and the state, Dutch disease, civil war and military rule, the 2023 naira float and fuel subsidy removal, the Niger Delta, Nollywood, Lagos, fintech, Dangote's refinery, farming and food prices, the "japa" emigration wave and lessons.
Indonesia's Economy
The world's largest archipelago economy: geography and diversity, the Suharto era, the 1997-98 crisis, democracy and decentralisation, palm oil, coal, the nickel downstreaming push, the new capital Nusantara, digital giants like GoTo, free school meals and lessons for India.
Bangladesh's Economy
How Bangladesh surprised the world: birth in war and famine, defying the "basket case" label, Grameen and microfinance, BRAC and NGOs, women in the workforce, Rana Plaza, remittances, bKash, climate risks in the delta, the 2024 uprising, graduating from LDC status and ties with India.
Sri Lanka's Economy
An island economy of early social achievements and hard crises: the early welfare state, the 1977 opening, the civil war's costs, Ceylon tea, ethical garments, tourism, Hambantota and the debt-trap debate, the overnight fertiliser ban, the Aragalaya protests, the IMF bailout and India's lifeline.
The Philippines' Economy
An archipelago economy powered by people: an overview, Marcos-era cronyism, land reform that stalled, the overseas worker system, rice tariffication, political dynasties, family conglomerates, typhoons, the Build Build Build push, the 4Ps cash transfer, the South China Sea and lessons for India.
Kenya's Economy
East Africa's hub economy: an overview, colonial land, tea and cut flowers, safari tourism, Nairobi's tech scene, the economics of champion runners, the Chinese-funded railway, geothermal power, debt and the 2024 protests, jua kali workshops, cash transfer experiments and ties with India.
Canada's Economy
A resource-rich rich country beside a giant: an overview, the staples thesis, dependence on US trade, banks that survived 2008, the housing crisis, single-payer Medicare, the productivity problem, equalization payments, the Canada Pension Plan model, the carbon tax and ties with India.
Australia's Economy
How a resource-rich nation became the "lucky country": an overview, nearly thirty years without recession, the Hawke-Keating reforms, floating the dollar, education exports, negative gearing and housing, the 2020 China trade dispute, LNG and coal, Medicare and the PBS, introducing a GST, and the India trade deal.
Poland's Economy
Europe's quiet success story: an overview, life under communism, Balcerowicz's big bang, avoiding recession in 2009, EU funds, migration after 2004, Europe's factory floor, coal dependence, hosting Ukrainian refugees, child benefits and birth rates, a defence spending boom and lessons.
Ireland's Economy
From famine to one of the world's richest countries: an overview, the Great Famine, protectionism and stagnation, the Celtic Tiger, the 12.5 percent corporate tax, "leprechaun economics", the 2008 banking crash, the Apple tax case, the housing crisis, free secondary schooling and Ireland's windfall funds.
Taiwan's Economy
How a small island became essential to the world's technology: an overview, "land to the tiller" reform, export-driven small firms, Morris Chang and TSMC, Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwanese investment in China, Foxconn, stagnant wages, the energy dilemma, cross-strait risk and investment in India.
Thailand's Economy
Southeast Asia's second-largest economy: an overview, rice exports and the pledging scheme, where the 1997 crisis began, tourism, universal health coverage, household debt, the middle-income trap, ageing, Chinese EV makers, the sufficiency economy, cannabis policy swings and ties with India.
Switzerland's Economy
How a small, mountainous, resource-poor country became one of the richest: an overview, the end of banking secrecy, the franc as a safe haven, the 2015 franc shock, watches and the quartz crisis, pharma giants, direct democracy, cantonal tax competition, apprenticeships, the debt brake, Credit Suisse's fall and the India-EFTA deal.
France's Economy
How the French state shapes the economy: an overview, Colbertism, the Trente Glorieuses, indicative planning, the nuclear power bet, very high public spending, pension reforms and protests, the 35-hour week, insiders and outsiders in the job market, farmers and the CAP, rising debt and ties with India.
Data Centres and the Cloud
The physical backbone of the digital economy: what data centres are, why India is building so many, the economics of the cloud, power and water needs, AI's demand for compute, latency and edge centres, data localisation, hyperscaler investments, jobs, location choices and the future of India's digital infrastructure.
Leather and Footwear in India
A labour-intensive industry with big export potential: India's leather and footwear sector, clusters in Kanpur, Agra and Vellore, tannery pollution, hide supplies and cattle laws, Kolhapuri chappals, the shift to non-leather shoes, footwear standards, caste and dignity, Indian brands, global rivals and new incentives.
Gems and Jewellery
The glittering economics of stones and gold: India's gems and jewellery industry, the diamond pipeline, De Beers and the cartel, lab-grown diamonds, Jaipur's coloured gems, karigars and making charges, gold import duties and smuggling, organised jewellery retail, the Nirav Modi fraud, conflict diamonds and sanctions on Russian stones.
India's Chemical Industry
The hidden industry behind almost everything: what chemicals make possible, bulk versus speciality chemicals, Gujarat's chemical corridor, China+1, the Bhopal disaster, chemical safety, agrochemical exports, dyes and pigments, petrochemical feedstocks, chemical parks, green chemistry and the industry's future.
The Economics of Clean Air
Why India's air is among the world's most polluted and what it would take to fix it: pollution sources, PM2.5 and health, Delhi's winter smog, stubble burning, measuring air quality, the National Clean Air Programme, coal plant scrubbers, emergency measures, effects on productivity and learning, Beijing's clean-up and airshed management.
The Economics of Plastics
Why a miracle material became a global problem: the rise of plastic, why it's so cheap, India's single-use ban, plastic credits and EPR certificates, recycling economics, packaging and food waste, the chips packet problem, plastic in rivers and seas, microplastics, the global plastics treaty and the search for alternatives.
E-Waste and the Circular Economy
What happens to old phones, laptops and fridges: the growing e-waste mountain, India's e-waste rules, informal recycling hubs like Seelampur, urban mining of gold and copper, the right to repair, old fridges and refrigerants, refurbished phones, global e-waste flows, solar and battery waste, health risks and building formal recycling.
Oil and Gas in India
How India fuels itself: dependence on imported crude, ONGC and upstream exploration, Bombay High, how petrol is taxed, the LPG subsidy, strategic reserves, discounted Russian oil, city gas networks, natural gas pricing, oil marketing companies and price freezes, opening exploration and the road ahead.
The Economics of Social Media
How social platforms turn attention into money: the attention economy, India's giant user base, algorithms, designs that hook us, misinformation, the TikTok ban, teen well-being, what a user is worth, India's IT Rules, WhatsApp as a business tool, social commerce and the future of social media.
A History of Banking
How banking evolved over four thousand years: temple lending in Mesopotamia, Roman money-changers, the Knights Templar, the Medici, Amsterdam's exchange bank, the Rothschilds, India's presidency banks, the 1907 panic, Depression-era bank failures and Glass-Steagall, India's 1969 bank nationalisation, the rise of global megabanks and lessons from history.
Indian Economists and Their Ideas
Sixteen Indian economists who shaped how we understand India and the world: from R.C. Dutt's economic history and Gadgil's cooperatives to V.K.R.V. Rao's national income, K.N. Raj, Raj Krishna's "Hindu rate of growth", Chakravarty, I.G. Patel, Manmohan Singh, Rangarajan, Dasgupta, Dixit, Basu, Bina Agarwal, Raghuram Rajan, Gita Gopinath and Arvind Subramanian.
The Economics of Death
A sensitive but important topic: how economists value life, the funeral industry, cremation costs and firewood, counting deaths, excess deaths during COVID-19, end-of-life care costs, unclaimed money and insurance claims, annuities and longevity risk, land for cemeteries, living wills and digital assets after death.
Island Economies
How small islands make a living: the challenges of size and distance, the Maldives, Mauritius, Fiji, Caribbean tourism and offshore finance, Pacific islands facing rising seas, Iceland's fishing and banking story, India's Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands, and lessons for small economies.
Corporate Scandals in India
What India's biggest business scandals teach about incentives and oversight: why scandals happen, Harshad Mehta's 1992 scam, Ketan Parekh, Satyam, the 2G controversy, Kingfisher and Vijay Mallya, Sahara, IL&FS, Yes Bank, DHFL, Byju's and governance lessons.
India's Wedding Economy
The business of the big fat Indian wedding: the size of the industry, auspicious seasons, gold, destination weddings, why weddings are so lavish, caterers and planners, matrimonial sites, bridal wear, gifts and reciprocity, attempts to limit spending, mass weddings and what it all means.
India's Festival Economy
How festivals drive spending, jobs and creativity: the festive season, Diwali sales and online shopping festivals, Durga Puja's creative economy, Ganesh idol makers, Sivakasi's firecrackers, Ramzan and Eid markets, harvest festivals, seasonal micro-businesses, festival tourism, bonuses and festive credit, pollution and waste.
The Economics of Language
How language shapes earnings, trade and opportunity: the English wage premium, language as human capital, trade between countries that share a language, India's linguistic states, Hindi and regional language debates, BPO and call-centre English, language in courts and government, dying languages, sign languages and a recap.
How India's Real Estate Developers Work
Inside the business of building homes and offices: land acquisition, approvals, pre-sales funding, construction finance, joint development agreements, pricing and launches, luxury and affordable segments, commercial offices, township projects, consolidation and listed developers, and a recap.
The Economics of Gambling
Why people gamble and who profits: the house edge, the gambler's fallacy, state lotteries, casinos in Goa and Sikkim, horse racing, the Public Gambling Act, skill versus chance, the 28% GST on online gaming, the 2025 ban on real-money games, problem gambling and a recap.
Getting Around India's Cities
How Indians move in cities and what it costs: city buses, auto-rickshaws, ride-hailing and driver economics, bike taxis, walking and footpaths, cycling, shared mobility, last-mile connectivity, women's safety and free bus travel, commute times, and a recap.
Egypt's Economy
How the Arab world's most populous country makes a living: the Nile and farming, the Suez Canal, tourism, remittances, bread subsidies, the military's role in business, currency crises and IMF programmes, gas discoveries, the New Administrative Capital, and a recap.
Ethiopia's Economy
How Africa's second most populous country pursued state-led growth: coffee, the developmental state, industrial parks, Ethiopian Airlines, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, the Tigray war, debt default and reforms, the birr float, and a recap.
Chile's Economy
How Chile became one of Latin America's richest countries: copper and Codelco, the Chicago Boys, privatised pensions, the fiscal rule and copper fund, trade agreements, fruit, wine and salmon exports, lithium, inequality and the 2019 protests, constitution referendums, and a recap.
New Zealand's Economy
How a small, remote country earns its living: dairy and Fonterra, the radical 1984 reforms, inflation targeting's invention, lamb and kiwifruit exports, tourism, a housing crisis, Māori economy and Treaty settlements, the wellbeing budget, and a recap.
The Netherlands' Economy
How a small, low-lying country became a trading powerhouse: the Dutch Golden Age, Rotterdam port, the Dutch disease, farm exports and greenhouses, ASML, water management, the polder model of consensus, part-time work, the nitrogen crisis, and a recap.
Israel's Economy
How a small country with few natural resources became a technology hub: the startup nation, military tech links, the 1985 stabilisation plan, water innovation, kibbutzim, immigration waves, venture capital and Yozma, gas discoveries, high living costs, and a recap.
Italy's Economy
How Italy combines world-famous brands with slow growth: the post-war economic miracle, the north-south divide, family firms and industrial districts, luxury and fashion, public debt, the euro, banks, an ageing population, tourism, the PNRR recovery plan, and a recap.
Spain's Economy
How Spain went from dictatorship to a modern European economy: the 1959 stabilisation plan, EU entry, the housing bubble and bust, youth unemployment, tourism, labour reforms, Zara and Inditex, renewable energy, regional autonomy and Catalonia, and a recap.
Morocco's Economy
How Morocco is building a bridge between Africa and Europe: phosphates and OCP, the Tanger Med port, a car-making boom, solar power at Noor Ouarzazate, farming and droughts, tourism, remittances, the informal economy, and a recap.
Ghana's Economy
How Ghana became a West African success story and then fell into crisis: cocoa, gold, oil since 2010, the 1983 reforms, mobile money, the 2022 debt default and IMF bailout, galamsey illegal mining, the Year of Return, and a recap.
Peru's Economy
How Peru grew fast despite political chaos: copper and gold mining, the 1990 hyperinflation and Fujishock, an independent central bank, informality, Hernando de Soto's property ideas, fishmeal and anchovies, agro-exports, the Chancay port, Machu Picchu tourism, and a recap.
Colombia's Economy
How Colombia moved from conflict to growth: coffee and Juan Valdez, oil and coal, the drug economy, the 2016 peace deal, Medellín's transformation, flowers, migration from Venezuela, tourism, the energy transition debate, and a recap.
India's Handicraft Economy
How millions of Indian artisans earn a living from crafts: carpets in Bhadohi, brass in Moradabad, woodwork, Madhubani and folk art, GI tags, middlemen and fair prices, e-commerce and exports, government schemes like ODOP and PM Vishwakarma, and a recap.
India's Bicycle Economy
How India became one of the world's largest bicycle makers and why cycling declined: Ludhiana's cycle cluster, Hero Cycles, Atlas and Avon, bicycles for schoolgirls, the shift to motorbikes, premium and e-bikes, competition from China, cycle rickshaws, and a recap.
India's Coaching Industry
Why Indian families spend so much on coaching and tuition: exam competition, the size of the industry, coaching hubs, online edtech's boom and bust, dummy schools, pricing and fees, student stress, the 2024 coaching guidelines, the economics of signalling, and a recap.
Black Money in India
What black money is and how India tries to fight it: sources of undeclared income, cash in real estate and weddings, hawala, round-tripping through tax havens, benami property, black money after demonetisation, the 2015 Black Money Act, shell companies, digital payments and tracking, and a recap.
India's Smartphone Economy
How India became the world's second largest smartphone market and a major phone maker: cheap phones and cheap data, Chinese brands, the rise and fall of Indian brands, the PLI scheme, Apple's iPhone shift to India, component making, phone exports, pricing and EMIs, the used and feature phone market, and a recap.
India's Glass and Ceramics Clusters
How Indian towns became hubs for glass and ceramics: Morbi's tile empire, Firozabad's bangles and glassware, Khurja pottery, sanitaryware, float glass for buildings and cars, gas prices and pollution, exports and anti-dumping, and a recap.
India's Furniture Economy
How Indians furnish homes and offices: the carpenter-made furniture tradition, Jodhpur's export cluster, IKEA's entry, Pepperfry and online furniture, flat-pack and modular kitchens, plywood and wood panels, the mattress market, office furniture, and a recap.
India's Fragrance Economy
How scents shape businesses in India: Kannauj's attar tradition, agarbatti and incense, sandalwood and Mysore, jasmine and flower farming, deodorants and perfumes, the flavours and fragrances industry, dhoop and puja products, exports, and a recap.
The Economics of Weather
How weather shapes economies day to day: the value of forecasts, heatwaves and work, weather and shopping, cold waves and fog, weather insurance and derivatives, cyclone early warnings, lightning, urban flooding, weather and mood, and a recap.
India's Salt Economy
How a simple mineral shaped history and livelihoods: the salt tax and Gandhi's Dandi March, Gujarat's salt pans and the Little Rann agariyas, Tuticorin, iodised salt, the Tata Salt brand, industrial salt for chemicals, pricing and margins, and a recap.
India's Paint Industry
How India's paint industry became one of the most profitable consumer businesses: Asian Paints' rise, decorative versus industrial paints, dealer networks and tinting machines, crude oil and raw material costs, Birla Opus and the new price war, painters as influencers, lead in paint, and a recap.
India's Tyre Industry
How tyres roll the economy: MRF's rise from balloons, replacement versus new-vehicle demand, natural rubber from Kerala, truck radialisation, Chinese imports and anti-dumping, tyre exports, retreading, end-of-life tyres and pyrolysis, and a recap.
India's Jute Economy
How the golden fibre shaped Bengal: jute farming and retting, Kolkata's jute mills and their Scottish origins, Partition's split, mandatory jute packaging, the minimum support price, mill closures and labour, diversified jute products, jute versus plastic, and a recap.
India's Coconut and Coir Economy
How the coconut palm supports millions in India: coconut farming in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, copra and coconut oil, tender coconut, coir from husks in Alappuzha, coir exports, the coconut oil health debate, climbers and labour shortages, virgin coconut oil and new products, and a recap.
The Economics of Shipbreaking
What happens to ships at the end of their lives: why most are scrapped in South Asia, beaching versus drydock recycling, the price of a dead ship, steel re-rolling, workers' safety, toxic materials, the Hong Kong Convention, Bangladesh and Pakistan's yards, green ship recycling, and a recap.
India's Diagnostics Industry
How medical tests became a big business: pathology labs and chains, the collection centre model, radiology and scans, test pricing and cross-subsidies, home sample collection, quality and accreditation, public labs and free diagnostics, COVID testing's boom, AI in diagnostics, and a recap.
The Economics of Eye Care
How India tackles blindness and poor vision: the burden of avoidable blindness, cataract surgery at scale, Aravind Eye Care's model, cheap lenses from Aurolab, spectacles and the eyewear market, Lenskart, myopia in children, eye donation, diabetic eye disease, and a recap.
The Economics of Emergency Care
How India responds to medical emergencies: the golden hour, the 108 ambulance service, private ambulances and pricing, trauma care gaps, Good Samaritan protection, blood banks and shortages, emergency departments, cashless treatment for road accident victims, air ambulances, and a recap.
India's Private Security Industry
Why India has more private security guards than police: the size of the industry, guards' wages and long shifts, the PSARA law, security agencies like SIS and G4S, CCTV and electronic security, gated communities, cash logistics, police shortages, and a recap.
India's Inland Waterways
How India is trying to move freight on rivers again: the history of river trade, National Waterway 1 on the Ganga, the Jal Marg Vikas project, the Brahmaputra and Indo-Bangladesh protocol routes, Kerala's backwaters, Goa's barges, cost advantages and obstacles, river cruises, and a recap.
The Economics of Professions
How skilled professions work as economic systems: what makes a profession, then the pay, training costs, regulators and pressures facing doctors, nurses, lawyers, chartered accountants, software engineers, pilots, chefs, architects, pharmacists, journalists, civil servants, actuaries, counsellors and vets, and a recap.
Cement in India
How India's cement industry works: what cement is, how it is made, where the plants are, the cost structure, the big groups, consolidation, demand drivers, pricing and dealers, the cartel case, GST and policy, green cement, future trends, and a recap.
Steel in India
How India's steel industry works: what steel is, the two production routes, ore and coal supply, the major companies, insolvency resolutions, long and flat products, global price cycles, trade protection, RINL and privatisation, green steel, Tata Steel's global moves, and a recap.
Paper and Packaging in India
How India's paper industry works: what paper is, fibre sources, how mills operate, the major companies, the packaging boom, writing and printing paper, imports and trade agreements, paper versus plastic, recycling, forestry, the future, and a recap.
Sivakasi: Matches, Fireworks and Print
The economy of Sivakasi: the town and its cluster, history, how fireworks and matches are made, jobs and wages, safety, child labour, court rules on crackers, green crackers, printing, markets and competition, diversification, and a recap.
AYUSH and Ayurveda: The Business of Traditional Medicine
The economy of traditional medicine in India: what AYUSH means, market size, major companies, medicinal plant farming, training, evidence and quality, regulation, wellness tourism, exports, homoeopathy and Unani, public health, and a recap.
The Business of the IPL
How the IPL works as a business: the league and franchises, owners and valuations, media rights, auctions and salary caps, sponsorship, central revenue sharing, fan loyalty, host cities, taxes and scandals, the Women's Premier League, global effects, and a recap.
The Gig Economy in India
Gig and platform work in India: what it is, how big it is, major platforms, how workers earn, algorithms and ratings, employee status, laws, safety, quick commerce, unions, freelancing, and a recap.
The Informal Economy and Street Vendors
India's informal economy: what it is, why it persists, who street vendors are, the Street Vendors Act, public space and eviction, credit and PM SVANidhi, digital payments, women in informal work, shocks, formalisation, and a recap.
MSMEs: The Backbone of India's Economy
How India's small businesses work: definitions, numbers, clusters, credit, delayed payments, compliance, technology, exports, women entrepreneurs, shocks, why firms stay small, and a recap.
Startups and Unicorns in India
India's startup economy: what a startup is, Startup India, how startups are funded, unicorns and valuations, hubs, business models, the funding winter, failures, bootstrapped winners, IPOs and exits, angel tax, and a recap.
Microfinance and Self-Help Groups in India
How small credit works in India: what microfinance is, the Grameen idea, self-help groups, MFIs and JLGs, interest rates, the Andhra Pradesh crisis, regulation, small finance banks, evidence on women's empowerment, NRLM and Kudumbashree, digital lending, and a recap.
Chit Funds and Informal Credit in India
Lending outside banks: informal credit, moneylenders, commission agents, how chit funds work, Kerala's kuri and KSFE, rotating savings around the world, Ponzi and illegal schemes, pawnbrokers, trade credit, bringing informal credit into the formal system, safe borrowing, and a recap.
NBFCs and Gold Loans in India
How non-bank lenders work: what an NBFC is, types, funding, why gold loans are big, Muthoot and Manappuram, regulation of gold lenders, shadow banking risk, scale-based rules, digital NBFCs and fintech, borrower rights, and a recap.
Mutual Funds and SIPs in India
How mutual funds work: what they are, NAV, equity debt and hybrid funds, SIPs, expense ratios and direct plans, index versus active funds, tax, risk and behaviour, the Franklin Templeton episode, how to start, the industry, and a recap.
GST in India
How the Goods and Services Tax works: why India needed it, value added and input credit, CGST SGST and IGST, the GST Council, rate slabs and the 2025 simplification, exemptions and items outside GST, registration and composition, digital compliance, collections, state compensation, criticisms, and a recap.
Make in India and PLI Schemes
India's manufacturing push: Make in India, PLI schemes, the smartphone story, other PLI sectors, fiscal cost, tariffs, China Plus One, labour skills and land, logistics, comparison with East Asia, jobs, and a recap.
Rural Employment Guarantee: From MGNREGA to VB-G RAM G
India's rural work guarantee: the idea of a right to work, MGNREGA's design, works, wages and delays, women, evidence on impact, leakages and social audits, funding, the pandemic, the new VB-G RAM G law from 2026, the debate, and a recap.
Food Security and the PDS in India
India's food safety net: food security, the National Food Security Act, how PDS works, FCI and buffer stocks, the subsidy bill, leakages and reforms, One Nation One Ration Card, state models, nutrition, hunger indices, future reforms, and a recap.
E-Commerce and Quick Commerce in India
How online retail works in India: how online shopping arrived, marketplace versus inventory models, Flipkart and Amazon, logistics, sellers and commissions, Meesho and social commerce, kiranas, regulation, ONDC, quick commerce, cash on delivery, and a recap.
FMCG in India
The business of everyday goods: what FMCG means, the big names, rural demand, distribution, input costs and shrinkflation, advertising, the Maggi case, food safety rules, D2C brands, private labels and regional brands, and a recap.
UPI and Digital Payments in India
How UPI works and why it matters: what it is, the India Stack, how a payment works, the major apps, the zero-MDR debate, financial inclusion, fraud and safety, global expansion, credit and new features, broader economic effects, resilience, and a recap.
The Economy of Singapore
How a tiny city-state got rich: overview, independence, attracting multinationals, ports and trade, financial centre, exchange rate policy, CPF, public housing, Temasek and GIC, water, labour and inequality, cars and road pricing, and lessons.
The Economy of Russia
Russia's economy: an overview, the Soviet planned economy, 1990s shock therapy, the 1998 default, energy giants, sovereign funds, sanctions after 2014 and 2022, the central bank and rouble, the war economy, demography, and a recap.
The Economy of Malaysia
Malaysia's economy: an overview, tin and rubber to independence, the New Economic Policy, Mahathir's industrial drive, Petronas, palm oil, electronics and Penang, the 1997 crisis, the 1MDB scandal, Islamic finance, the middle-income trap, and a recap.
The Nordic Economies
How the Nordic countries work: what the Nordic model is, its history, taxes and spending, Danish flexicurity, Norway's oil fund, Sweden's 1990s crisis, Finland and Nokia, Nordic firms, gender equality and family policy, education and innovation, current challenges, and lessons.
The Economy of Greece
Greece's economy: an overview, joining the euro, the hidden deficit, the bailouts and the troika, austerity and its cost, the Syriza standoff, tax evasion, shipping, tourism, recovery, lessons of the crisis, and a recap.
The Economy of Portugal
Portugal's economy: an overview, empire and dictatorship, the Carnation Revolution, joining the EU, the debt crisis and 2011 bailout, the comeback, tourism and property, cork and wine, manufacturing, Lisbon's tech scene, structural challenges, and a recap.
The Economy of Venezuela
Venezuela's economy: oil riches and collapse, nationalisation, Chávez and the Bolivarian revolution, price and exchange controls, Dutch disease, the 2014 crash, hyperinflation, the exodus, sanctions, informal dollarisation, prospects, and a recap.
The Economy of Pakistan
Pakistan's economy: an overview, growth and crises since 1947, agriculture and the Indus, textiles, remittances, balance-of-payments crises and the IMF, low taxes, circular debt in energy, CPEC, the 2022 floods, the path forward, and a recap.
The Economy of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's economy: an overview, oil discovery and the rise of the kingdom, Aramco, OPEC and price management, the rentier state, Vision 2030, the PIF and giga-projects, Saudization and foreign workers, women and social change, the fiscal position and riyal peg, and a recap.
The Economy of the UAE
The UAE's economy: an overview, oil and Abu Dhabi's funds, Dubai's trade model, Emirates and aviation, tourism and real estate, the 2009 debt crisis, taxes and the dirham peg, expatriates and labour, ties with India, finance and free zones, the energy transition, and a recap.
The Economy of Ukraine
Ukraine's economy: an overview, the Soviet legacy and the 1990s, oligarchs and corruption, farming and global food, steel and industry, the IT sector, the 2014 shock, the turn to Europe, the 2022 war economy, the cost of reconstruction, and a recap.
The Economy of Tanzania
Tanzania's economy: an overview, Nyerere's ujamaa, liberalisation, farming, gold and mining policy, tourism, natural gas and energy, ports and railways, mobile money, politics and investment, jobs and youth, and a recap.
The Economy of Rwanda
Rwanda's economy: an overview, rebuilding after 1994, Vision 2020 and 2050, farming, community health insurance, Kigali, technology and drones, gorilla and conference tourism, aid dependence, women's inclusion, governance trade-offs, and a recap.
The Economy of Nepal
Nepal's economy: an overview, from monarchy to republic, remittances, India and the pegged rupee, hydropower, tourism and Everest, the 2015 earthquake, the 2015 blockade, farming, finance and cooperatives, the way forward, and a recap.
Solar Energy in India
India's solar story: why solar matters, the National Solar Mission, reverse auctions and falling tariffs, giant solar parks, developers and finance, rooftop solar and PM Surya Ghar, solar for farmers, manufacturing and imports, grid and storage, discom payment risk, the International Solar Alliance, the future, and a recap.
IPOs in India
How IPOs work: what an IPO is, the process step by step, book building, who gets what, anchor investors and lock-ins, listing day gains, India's biggest IPOs, new-age tech listings, SME IPOs, how to evaluate an IPO, the retail investor boom, and a recap.
The Subscription Economy
How subscriptions work: what the model is, its history, SaaS, lifetime value and acquisition cost, churn, pricing tiers and trials, dark patterns and subscription traps, subscriptions in India, physical subscriptions, data and lock-in, managing your own subscriptions, and a recap.
The Economics of Queues and Waiting
Why we wait: why queues form, money versus time, the value of time, queue rules, the psychology of waiting, single versus multiple lines, queues in India, traffic and congestion pricing, digital queues, capacity management, avoiding waiting, and a recap.
The Economics of Free
How free things pay for themselves: nothing is really free, freemium, advertising-funded services, network effects, loss leaders and bundles, the psychology of zero, data as the price, public goods, open source, being a smart consumer, and a recap.
The Economics of Sleep
Sleep and the economy: sleep as an economic question, how much we need, the cost of deprivation, shift work and the night economy, time zones and daylight saving, the sleep industry, homes and heat, workplaces and naps, drowsy driving, children and screens, and a recap.
Second-Hand Markets and Resale
How used goods markets work: what they are, the lemons problem, the used car market in India, depreciation, refurbished phones, thrift and fashion resale, the kabadiwala, online marketplaces, rules and consumer protection, the circular economy and right to repair, and a recap.
Online Gaming and Esports in India
India's gaming economy: the market, how free-to-play games earn, app bans, skill versus chance, the fantasy sports boom, taxes on real-money gaming, the 2025 Online Gaming Act, the industry pivot, esports, addiction and mental health, game development, and a recap.
Special Economic Zones in India
How SEZs work: what a zone is, zones around the world, India's zone history, incentives and changes, land and protests, exports, audits and criticism, the WTO dispute, GIFT City, newer approaches, lessons for success, and a recap.
Credit Scores in India
How credit scores work: what a score is, what goes into it, building one from scratch, credit cards and EMIs, checking and correcting your report, how bureaus work, alternative data for the credit-invisible, escaping debt traps, borrower rights, common myths, and a recap.
Bonds and the Bond Market in India
How bonds work: what a bond is, prices and yields, government securities and T-bills, the 10-year benchmark yield, the RBI and the bond market, who owns bonds, global index inclusion, the corporate bond market, defaults and lessons, green and other bonds, and a recap.
MSP, Mandis and the Farm Laws
MSP and farm policy: what MSP is, how it is calculated, who benefits, mandis and arhatiyas, the 2020 farm laws, the farmers' protest, a legal guarantee debate, income support, crop insurance, water and soil, better markets, and a recap.
OTT and Streaming in India
How streaming works in India: what OTT is, how global streamers arrived, pricing for a price-sensitive market, live sports and the IPL battle, regional content, theatres versus streaming, regulation and censorship, creators and pay, piracy and password sharing, data and algorithms, and a recap.
Coal in India
India's coal economy: coal's role, nationalisation and Coal India, CIL today, where the coal is, railways and coal, commercial mining, the 2021 shortage scare, pollution and communities, miners and livelihoods, the just transition debate, cleaner coal, and a recap.
Bad Loans, NPAs and the IBC
India's bad loan story: what NPAs are, the lending boom and bust, the 2015 asset quality review, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, big cases, recoveries and delays, Section 29A, recapitalisation and mergers, bad banks, frauds, cleaner balance sheets, and a recap.
Digital Advertising in India
How online advertising works: the basics, how ads are bought, the Google-Meta duopoly, influencers and the creator economy, retail media, video and regional languages, measurement and fraud, privacy and data law, news publishers, small businesses, and a recap.
Land Records and Land Reform in India
How land governance works: why land matters, land reforms after independence, how records work, digitising records, the Torrens idea of conclusive title, urban land rules, land acquisition, women and land rights, forest and community land, land disputes, SVAMITVA, and a recap.
The Economy of Iran
Iran's economy: an overview, the 1979 revolution and nationalisation, oil and gas dependence, sanctions and the nuclear deal, maximum pressure after 2018, the rial and inflation, the IRGC's economic role, subsidies and reform, the bazaar and trade, water stress and brain drain, Chabahar and India, and a recap.
The Economy of Cuba
Cuba's economy: an overview, the 1959 revolution, the US embargo, Soviet subsidies and the Special Period, the fall of sugar, tourism and remittances, reform and private enterprise, the dual currency, blackouts, emigration, and a recap.
The Economy of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe's economy: an overview, independence and early promise, fast-track land reform, hyperinflation, dollarisation, later currency experiments including the ZiG, tobacco and farming, gold platinum and lithium, the informal economy and EcoCash, power cuts and debt arrears, and a recap.
The Economy of Uganda
Uganda's economy: an overview, Idi Amin and the expulsion of Asians, recovery under Museveni, coffee, farming and the Parish Development Model, oil and the EACOP pipeline, hydropower, mobile money and boda-bodas, tourism, debt and governance, and a recap.
The Economy of Cambodia
Cambodia's economy: an overview, war and the Khmer Rouge, the garment industry, wages and labour rights, Angkor and tourism, the construction and casino boom, dollarisation, farming, migrant workers, upgrading, and a recap.
The Economy of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan's economy: an overview, independence and transition, oil giants, pipelines and geopolitics, the National Fund, uranium grain and metals, the tenge, the 2022 unrest, Astana and the AIFC, balancing Russia and China, and a recap.
The Economy of Czechia
Czechia's economy: an overview, the communist era and the Velvet Revolution, voucher privatisation, foreign investment and cars, staying outside the euro, labour shortages, the 2022 energy shock, nuclear power and coal, banking and housing, innovation, and a recap.
The Economy of Hungary
Hungary's economy: an overview, the 1946 hyperinflation, goulash communism, transition and foreign investment, the Swiss franc mortgage crisis, unorthodox policy, EU funds and rule-of-law disputes, inflation and price caps, energy dependence, Chinese battery investment, demography, and a recap.
The Sharing Economy and Rentals
How sharing and rental platforms work: what the sharing economy is, trust and ratings, ride-hailing, home sharing and Airbnb, renting things, coworking and freelancing, micromobility, platform workers, environmental and social effects, regulation, and a recap.
The Economics of Gifts and Giving
Why gifts matter economically: what gifts are, reciprocity and the gift economy, the deadweight loss of gifting, cash versus gift cards, festival retail, weddings and dowry, taxes on gifts, corporate gifts and ethics, regifting and experiences, charity, and a recap.
The Economics of Loyalty Programmes
How loyalty schemes work: what they are, the psychology of points and status, airline miles, credit card rewards, loyalty in India, data and privacy, price discrimination, points as liabilities, why programmes fail, being a smart customer, and a recap.
The Economics of Tipping
Why we tip: the puzzle, history, economic theories, social norms around the world, tipped wages, bias and fairness, service charge versus tips in India, tip creep on apps, tips for gig workers, no-tipping alternatives, and a recap.
The Economics of Auctions
How auctions work: what an auction is, the four classic formats, Vickrey and honest bidding, the winner's curse, revenue equivalence, collusion and bidder rings, spectrum auctions and the Nobel, India's 2G scandal and 5G auction, coal blocks, online and reverse auctions, and a recap.
Reviews, Ratings and Trust
How reviews shape markets: why reviews matter, information asymmetry, how star ratings behave, fake reviews, marketplaces and rankings, tourism and restaurants, ratings for gig workers, rules and consumer protection, reading reviews wisely, and a recap.
Health Insurance and Ayushman Bharat
India's health financing: why health costs impoverish, PM-JAY basics, how it works, gaps and criticisms, fraud and governance, private health insurance, employer and social insurance, medical inflation, digital health, universal health coverage, and a recap.
Edtech in India
India's edtech story: what edtech is, the pandemic boom, the bust, the rise and fall of Byju's, Physics Wallah and low-cost models, coaching centres and hybrids, government platforms, the digital divide, AI tutors, upskilling and certification, and a recap.
The Sports Economy of India
India's sports industry: an overview, the BCCI, franchise leagues beyond the IPL, football, Olympic sports and public funding, athlete earnings, stadiums and academies, the fitness boom, broadcasting and streaming, building a broader sports economy, and a recap.
The Economy of Romania
Romania's economy: an overview, Ceaușescu and 1989, slow transition, the boom and 2009 bust, Dacia and Ford, IT outsourcing and UiPath, emigration, budget deficits, Black Sea gas and energy, Schengen euro and EU funds, and a recap.
The Economy of Bolivia
Bolivia's economy: an overview, silver and tin, the 1985 hyperinflation, gas and the 2006 nationalisation, the MAS era, the boliviano peg and dollar shortage, fuel subsidies, lithium, informality and coca, politics, and a recap.
The Economy of Costa Rica
Costa Rica's economy: an overview, abolishing the army, health and education, ecotourism and payments for ecosystem services, Intel and high-tech exports, farming, renewable electricity, fiscal strain, inequality, OECD membership and challenges, and a recap.
The Economy of Myanmar
Myanmar's economy: an overview, the Burmese Way to Socialism, the junta era and sanctions, the 2011 reforms, the Rohingya crisis, the 2021 coup and collapse, the kyat and exchange controls, gas and jade, rice and rural livelihoods, ties with India and China, and a recap.
The Economy of Jordan
Jordan's economy: an overview, from emirate to kingdom, foreign aid, water scarcity, energy imports and solar, phosphates and potash, qualifying industrial zones, Syrian refugees and the Jordan Compact, public debt and the IMF, youth unemployment, and a recap.
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