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Indonesia's Economy

Indonesia's Palm Oil Power

How Indonesia became the world's largest palm oil producer, its importance to smallholders and India, and the 2022 export ban that shook global markets.

Indonesia produces over half of the world’s palm oil.

Importance

  • Palm oil is a major export and employs millions, including smallholders.
  • Plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

India is among the largest buyers of Indonesian palm oil for cooking oil.

Deforestation

Expansion cleared rainforests and peatlands, contributing to haze from fires and carbon emissions.

Biodiesel

Indonesia blends palm oil into biodiesel (B35 and moving higher), using more at home.

The 2022 export ban

  • In April 2022, facing high domestic cooking oil prices, Indonesia banned palm oil exports for about three weeks.
  • Global prices spiked, affecting India and others.

EU rules

The EU Deforestation Regulation requires proof products aren’t from deforested land, affecting exports.

The ban's ripple

When Indonesia banned palm oil exports in 2022, Indian cooking oil prices rose, as importers scrambled for alternatives.

Thinking palm oil only matters to Indonesia

Indonesia's decisions move global and Indian cooking oil prices.

Key takeaways
  • Indonesia produces over half the world's palm oil.
  • India is a major buyer.
  • Expansion caused deforestation and haze.
  • A 2022 export ban spiked global prices.
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