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Investing & Markets

Dollar-Cost Averaging

Why investing a fixed amount on a regular schedule, rather than trying to time the market, tends to work out well for most investors.

Dollar-cost averaging means investing a fixed amount of money at regular intervals - say, $200 every month - regardless of whether prices are up or down that day. It’s the opposite of trying to invest a lump sum at the “perfect” moment, and it’s one of the most practical, low-stress strategies available to ordinary investors.

How it actually smooths out volatility

Because the investment amount stays fixed while prices fluctuate, dollar-cost averaging automatically buys more shares when prices are low and fewer shares when prices are high - without requiring any prediction about where prices are headed next. Over time, this produces an average cost basis across many different price points, rather than being locked into whatever the price happened to be on one single day.

The math behind it

Investing $200 a month, someone might buy 10 shares in a month when the price is $20, but 20 shares in a month when the price drops to $10. Across those two months, they've bought 30 shares for $400 - an average of about $13.33 per share, lower than the $15 simple average of the two prices, purely because the fixed dollar amount bought more shares when the price was lower.

Why this beats trying to time the market

The market volatility lesson in this module covers how unpredictable short-term price swings are, even for professionals. Market timing - trying to buy only at the lowest points and sell only at the highest - is extremely difficult to do consistently well, and getting it wrong even a few times can meaningfully hurt long-term returns. Dollar-cost averaging removes that guesswork entirely by investing on a fixed schedule no matter what the market is doing.

Pausing contributions when prices drop

The instinct to stop investing during a downturn, waiting for things to "settle down," undermines the entire point of dollar-cost averaging - the low-price months are exactly when a fixed contribution buys the most shares. Sticking to the schedule through downturns, not just through good months, is what makes the strategy work as intended.

Key takeaways
  • Dollar-cost averaging means investing a fixed amount on a regular schedule, regardless of price.
  • It automatically buys more shares when prices are low and fewer when prices are high.
  • It removes the need to predict market timing, which is extremely difficult to do consistently.
  • Sticking to the schedule during downturns, not pausing it, is what makes the strategy effective.
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