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Italy's Economy

The North-South Divide

Why Italy's south, the Mezzogiorno, has much lower incomes and employment than the north, despite decades of development spending.

Italy has a deep north-south divide.

The gap

  • The south (Mezzogiorno) has much lower income per person than the north.
  • Unemployment is much higher, especially for youth.

History

Differences go back before unification in 1861.

Development spending

The Cassa per il Mezzogiorno (1950-1984) funded southern infrastructure and industry, with mixed results.

Causes

  • Weaker institutions and organised crime.
  • Less infrastructure.
  • Emigration of young people.

India parallel

Like India’s regional gaps, spending alone doesn’t close them without better institutions.

The emigrant graduate

A young engineer from Naples moves to Milan or Germany because local jobs are scarce.

Thinking money alone closes regional gaps

Institutions matter.

Key takeaways
  • The south has much lower incomes.
  • Unemployment is higher there.
  • Development spending had mixed results.
  • Institutions and crime matter.
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