Curriculum Police, Courts and Justice in India
Police, Courts and Justice in India
The economics of India's justice system: why justice matters for growth, police numbers and budgets, police reform, unregistered crimes, undertrial prisoners, bail and inequality, Lok Adalats, the 2024 criminal laws, forensics, e-courts, contract enforcement and reform priorities.
- Why Justice Matters for the Economy How police and courts support economic life by protecting property, enforcing contracts and building trust, and what happens when justice is slow or unequal. 📄 Read-aloud
- Police Numbers and Budgets How many police officers India has per person compared with UN benchmarks, how many posts lie vacant, and how police spending is split. 📄 Read-aloud
- Police Reform and the Prakash Singh Case How India's police still operate under an 1861 colonial law in many states, what the Supreme Court ordered in 2006, and why reforms have been slow. 📄 Read-aloud
- Unregistered Crimes: The FIR Problem Why many crimes in India go unreported or unregistered, how this distorts crime statistics, and how online FIRs and evidence from surveys help. 📄 Read-aloud
- Undertrials: Waiting in Jail Without Conviction Why around three-quarters of India's prisoners have not been convicted, the human and economic costs of long pre-trial detention, and reform steps. 📄 Read-aloud
- Bail, Money and Inequality How money bail systems can keep poor people in jail while richer people go free, and the principle that "bail is the rule, jail the exception". 📄 Read-aloud
- Police, Courts and Justice in India: Checkpoint 1 Quick checkpoint - five questions on justice and the economy, police numbers, police reform, FIRs and undertrials. 5 questions
- Lok Adalats and Alternative Dispute Resolution How Lok Adalats, mediation and arbitration settle disputes outside regular courts, how many cases they resolve, and their limits. 📄 Read-aloud
- India's New Criminal Laws of 2024 How three new laws replaced the colonial-era IPC, CrPC and Evidence Act in July 2024, what changed, and the transition costs. 📄 Read-aloud
- Forensics: Why Evidence Matters Why weak forensic capacity leads to slow investigations and low conviction rates in India, and how the 2024 laws and new forensic institutions aim to fix it. 📄 Read-aloud
- E-Courts and Digital Justice How the e-Courts project digitised case records, enabled virtual hearings and live-streaming, and how technology can speed up justice. 📄 Read-aloud
- Contract Enforcement and Commercial Courts Why enforcing contracts has been slow in India, how commercial courts and insolvency law aim to help businesses, and why it matters for investment. 📄 Read-aloud
- Justice Reform Priorities The key reforms that could make India's justice system faster and fairer, and a recap of the module. 📄 Read-aloud