Curriculum The Economy of Myanmar

The Economy of Myanmar

Myanmar's economy: an overview, the Burmese Way to Socialism, the junta era and sanctions, the 2011 reforms, the Rohingya crisis, the 2021 coup and collapse, the kyat and exchange controls, gas and jade, rice and rural livelihoods, ties with India and China, and a recap.

Myanmar at a Glance Myanmar is a resource-rich Southeast Asian country of over 50 million people whose economy has been shaped by decades of military rule, sanctions, brief reform and the 2021 coup. 📄 Read-aloud
The Burmese Way to Socialism After a 1962 coup, General Ne Win nationalised industry and isolated the country, turning a once-prosperous rice exporter into a stagnant economy. 📄 Read-aloud
SLORC, Sanctions and Partial Opening After 1988, the military junta allowed some private business and foreign investment in gas, but Western sanctions limited growth. 📄 Read-aloud
The 2011 Reforms and the Fragile Boom From 2011, a quasi-civilian government eased controls and sanctions were lifted, leading to a burst of growth and foreign investment. 📄 Read-aloud
The Rohingya Crisis and Investment The 2017 military campaign against the Rohingya drove hundreds of thousands to flee to Bangladesh, prompting condemnation, sanctions and reduced investment. 📄 Read-aloud
The 2021 Coup and Economic Collapse A military coup in February 2021 caused the economy to shrink by about 18 per cent that year, according to World Bank estimates, as strikes, violence and sanctions took hold. 📄 Read-aloud
The Economy of Myanmar: Checkpoint 1 Quick checkpoint - five questions on the economy of myanmar. 5 questions
The Kyat, Inflation and Capital Controls The kyat lost much of its value, and the junta imposed foreign exchange controls that pushed activity into informal markets. 📄 Read-aloud
Gas, Jade and the Extractive Economy Gas exports remain a critical revenue source, while jade, gems and timber are traded partly through informal or conflict-linked channels. 📄 Read-aloud
Rice, Farming and Rural Livelihoods Most Myanmar people live in rural areas and depend on farming, growing rice, pulses and oilseeds, while conflict disrupts planting and trade. 📄 Read-aloud
India, China and Regional Ties China and India both have strong interests in Myanmar, from pipelines and ports to roads and border trade, complicated by conflict. 📄 Read-aloud
Myanmar's Economy: Recap A recap of Myanmar's economic history and prospects. 📄 Read-aloud