Curriculum Oil and Gas in India
Oil and Gas in India
How India fuels itself: dependence on imported crude, ONGC and upstream exploration, Bombay High, how petrol is taxed, the LPG subsidy, strategic reserves, discounted Russian oil, city gas networks, natural gas pricing, oil marketing companies and price freezes, opening exploration and the road ahead.
- India's Oil Import Dependence How India imports around 85 percent of its crude oil, what this costs, and why it makes the economy vulnerable to global price shocks. 📄 Read-aloud
- ONGC and Upstream Exploration How state-owned ONGC finds and produces most of India's oil and gas, the economics of exploration risk, and why domestic output has stagnated. 📄 Read-aloud
- Bombay High and Offshore Oil How the discovery of Bombay High in 1974 became India's largest oil field, its role in the 1970s-80s, and its gradual decline. 📄 Read-aloud
- How Petrol and Diesel Are Taxed How central excise duty and state VAT make up a large share of petrol and diesel prices, why fuel is kept outside GST, and how fuel taxes fund governments. 📄 Read-aloud
- The LPG Subsidy and Ujjwala How India subsidises cooking gas, how the Ujjwala scheme gave free connections to poor households, and why refill rates remained low. 📄 Read-aloud
- Strategic Petroleum Reserves How India stores crude oil in underground caverns in Visakhapatnam, Mangaluru and Padur to cushion supply shocks, and how this compares with other countries. 📄 Read-aloud
- Oil and Gas in India: Checkpoint 1 Quick checkpoint - five questions on import dependence, ONGC, Bombay High, fuel taxes and LPG. 5 questions
- Buying Discounted Russian Oil How India sharply increased imports of discounted Russian crude after 2022, the savings for refiners, Western price caps, and the 2025 US tariff response. 📄 Read-aloud
- City Gas and Piped Natural Gas How city gas distribution networks supply piped gas to homes and CNG to vehicles, how licences are auctioned, and India's goal to raise gas's share in energy. 📄 Read-aloud
- How India Prices Natural Gas How the government sets the price of domestic natural gas using formulas, the 2023 link to crude oil prices, and the tension between producers and consumers. 📄 Read-aloud
- Oil Marketing Companies and Price Freezes How state-owned oil marketing companies like IOCL, BPCL and HPCL set retail fuel prices, why prices were frozen for long periods, and the losses and gains that resulted. 📄 Read-aloud
- Opening Oil Exploration: HELP and OALP How India's 2016 Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy and Open Acreage Licensing aimed to attract investment with simpler, revenue-sharing contracts. 📄 Read-aloud
- The Future of Oil and Gas in India How rising demand, EVs, ethanol, gas expansion and climate goals will shape India's oil and gas future, and a recap of the module. 📄 Read-aloud