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Peru's Economy

Peru's Independent Central Bank

How Peru's central bank, independent under the 1993 constitution, kept inflation low for decades, and managed a partially dollarised economy.

Peru’s central bank (BCRP) is highly respected.

Independence

The 1993 constitution banned the central bank from financing the government.

Inflation targeting

Since 2002, it targets inflation of 1-3%, among the lowest targets in the region.

Julio Velarde

Julio Velarde has led the bank since 2006, across many presidents.

Dollarisation

After hyperinflation, many Peruvians kept savings in dollars; the bank reduced this over time.

Reserves

Large foreign reserves protect against shocks.

Lesson

A credible central bank can survive political turmoil.

The long tenure

While Peru changed presidents repeatedly, the same central bank governor kept inflation low.

Thinking central banks follow politicians

Peru's bank stayed independent.

Key takeaways
  • The 1993 constitution protects the central bank.
  • It targets 1-3% inflation.
  • Velarde has led it since 2006.
  • Dollarisation was reduced.
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