Poland's Economy
Hosting Ukrainian Refugees
How Poland took in millions of Ukrainian refugees after 2022, how they joined the labour market, and the economic effects on Poland.
After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, millions fled to Poland.
Scale
- Millions crossed into Poland in the first months.
- Around 1 million or more Ukrainian refugees stayed in Poland for extended periods.
Welcome
- Poles housed refugees in homes.
- Refugees received legal status, work rights and access to services.
Labour market
- Many Ukrainians found jobs quickly, often in services and manufacturing.
- Studies by the National Bank of Poland and others found refugees contributed to GDP growth and paid taxes.
Costs
- Public services like schools and health strained.
- Some housing pressure.
Economic effects
Research suggested Ukrainian refugees had a positive net effect on Poland’s economy, helping ease labour shortages.
Rebuilding Ukraine
Poland expects to play a big role in reconstructing Ukraine.
The Ukrainian nurse
A Ukrainian nurse who fled Kharkiv gets permission to work in a Polish hospital, filling a staff shortage.
Thinking refugees are only a burden
Research found Ukrainians in Poland contributed to growth.
Key takeaways
- Millions of Ukrainians fled to Poland after February 2022.
- Refugees received legal status and work rights.
- Many found jobs quickly and paid taxes.
- Research found a positive net economic effect.
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