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The Economics of Shipbreaking

Where Old Ships Go

How most of the world's old ships are dismantled on beaches in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, and why this industry exists there.

Ships don’t last forever.

Lifespan

Most cargo ships are scrapped after about 25-30 years.

Where

Most of the world’s ship tonnage is broken in South Asia:

  • Alang in India.
  • Chattogram (Chittagong) in Bangladesh.
  • Gadani in Pakistan.

Turkey and China also recycle ships.

Why South Asia

  • Low labour costs.
  • Strong demand for scrap steel.
  • Tidal beaches where ships can be driven ashore.
  • Looser regulation historically.

What’s recovered

Steel, engines, generators, furniture and fittings.

The last voyage

An old container ship sails at full speed onto a beach at Alang for dismantling.

Thinking ships are scrapped in rich countries

Most are broken in South Asia.

Key takeaways
  • Ships are scrapped after 25-30 years.
  • Most are broken in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
  • Low wages and steel demand drive this.
  • Steel and parts are recovered.
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