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Thailand's Economy

Household Debt in Thailand

Why Thai household debt rose to around 90 percent of GDP, among the highest in Asia, and how it weighs on consumption and growth.

Thailand has one of Asia’s highest levels of household debt.

Size

Household debt reached around 90 percent of GDP in recent years.

Causes

  • Car loans, boosted by a first-car tax rebate scheme in 2011-12.
  • Housing loans.
  • Consumer credit and credit cards.
  • Farmers’ loans.
  • Informal moneylenders at high rates.

Effects

  • Households cut spending to repay debts, slowing growth.
  • Defaults rise during downturns.

Informal debt

Many poorer Thais owe money to loan sharks, adding to vulnerability.

Policies

  • Debt restructuring programmes.
  • Crackdowns on informal lenders.
  • Rules on responsible lending.

Lesson

Credit booms can boost growth briefly but weigh on it for years.

The car loan

A family buys a first car with a government tax rebate. Years later, loan payments squeeze their spending on other things.

Thinking more household credit is always good for growth

High debt can drag on consumption for years.

Key takeaways
  • Thai household debt is around 90 percent of GDP.
  • Car, housing and consumer loans drove it.
  • Debt weighs on consumption and growth.
  • Informal lenders add vulnerability.
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