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Curriculum The Economics of Tipping

The Economics of Tipping

Why we tip: the puzzle, history, economic theories, social norms around the world, tipped wages, bias and fairness, service charge versus tips in India, tip creep on apps, tips for gig workers, no-tipping alternatives, and a recap.

  1. Why Do We Tip? Tipping is a voluntary payment for service, which economists find puzzling because it happens after the service is received and often to people we will never see again. 📄 Read-aloud
  2. The History of Tipping Tipping came to America from Europe in the 19th century and was criticised as un-democratic before becoming standard. 📄 Read-aloud
  3. The Economic Theories of Tipping Economists explain tipping as a way to motivate service when monitoring is costly, and to smooth risks between customers and staff. 📄 Read-aloud
  4. Social Norms Around the World Tipping customs differ widely: expected in the US, included in prices in many European countries, and frowned upon in parts of East Asia. 📄 Read-aloud
  5. Tipped Wages and the Minimum Wage In some countries, employers pay tipped workers a low base wage on the assumption that tips make up the difference, an arrangement that shifts risk onto workers. 📄 Read-aloud
  6. Bias and Fairness in Tipping Studies show that tips can vary by a server's appearance, race, gender and group size, raising concerns of discrimination. 📄 Read-aloud
  7. The Economics of Tipping: Checkpoint 1 Quick checkpoint - five questions on the economics of tipping. 5 questions
  8. Service Charge Versus Tips in India Many Indian restaurants add a service charge to bills, and the consumer authority ruled in 2022 that adding it automatically is unfair, leading to legal disputes. 📄 Read-aloud
  9. Tipping on Apps and Tip Creep Payment screens now prompt for tips at counters, kiosks and delivery apps, a trend called tip creep or tipflation. 📄 Read-aloud
  10. Tips for Gig Workers Tips can be a significant part of gig workers' income, but platforms' rules on tips and pay structures matter. 📄 Read-aloud
  11. Alternatives: Service-Inclusive Pricing Some restaurants abolished tipping and raised menu prices to pay staff fixed, higher wages, with mixed success. 📄 Read-aloud
  12. Tipping: Recap A recap of tipping's economics, norms and reforms. 📄 Read-aloud

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