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Coal in India

Opening Up to Commercial Mining

Since 2020, India has allowed private and foreign firms to mine coal for sale, ending Coal India's monopoly on sales.

A major reform.

Captive mines

Earlier, mines were allocated to end-users like power and steel companies for their own use.

2020 reform

Commercial mining auctions allow firms to mine and sell coal on the open market.

Aim

Boost output, reduce imports and increase competition.

Results

Production from captive and commercial blocks has grown quickly.

A new bidder

A private company wins a coal block in an auction and begins production.

Assuming private mining means no regulation

Environmental and safety rules apply.

Key takeaways
  • Commercial mining opened in 2020.
  • Captive mines served own use.
  • Auctions allocate blocks.
  • Output has grown.
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