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E-Commerce and Quick Commerce in India

Marketplace Versus Inventory Models

India's FDI rules allow foreign-owned e-commerce firms to run marketplaces connecting sellers and buyers but not to own and sell inventory.

Legal structure shapes the business.

Marketplace

The platform provides the site and services while independent sellers own the goods.

Inventory

The company itself buys and holds stock, which foreign-owned firms cannot do for consumers under the rules.

Why the rule

Policy aimed to protect small traders from large foreign players.

Workarounds

Firms work with sellers in which they have partial interest, which regulators have questioned.

A seller on a platform

A local wholesaler lists goods on a marketplace and ships each order through the platform's logistics.

Assuming Amazon or Flipkart own all the products

Most are sold by independent sellers.

Key takeaways
  • Marketplaces host sellers.
  • Foreign firms cannot hold inventory for consumers.
  • Rules protect small traders.
  • Structures are scrutinised.
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